Qr Codes

Companies can place CRY Codes on clothing, brochures, advertisements, banners, and ore. The article debates whether this technology will have a significant impact in the marketing tools a company uses. Companies can use CRY Codes in various ways to market their product. The article discusses how some enthusiasts of CRY Codes wrote a book about this new technology, entitled The Now Revolution. In their book they included several CRY Codes throughout the book that users could scan and receive additional information, graphs, charts, and videos.This took their book to a whole new level by turning it into an interactive process for the consumer. CRY codes an also be used by companies to link not only to their websites, but to their phone numbers, email, text messages, and more. The codes then can be traced by the creator to determine phone users, I. E. Phone, Android, etc. , and geographic locations of the consumers. I think this specific capability of the tool Is very beneficial to compa nies especially when determining what location to target their marketing.Also, if a company is considering creating an app, they can use this information to determine whether an phone, Android, Windows, or Blackberry compatible app would be most beneficial. In general, it gives companies another means to determine who is interested, how many people are viewing, and what location they are coming from. Another company that currently uses CRY Codes is Best Buy. Best Buy has CRY Codes next to the price tags on TV's. These codes link to customer reviews of the product that they are Interested in.This application really is helpful for consumers when making big purchases like this. It allows the consumer to immediately check the reviews In the store, which can speed up the transaction process. It may make challenges for salespeople though, since they have Limited control for negative views that they may be linked to. With this, Best Buy can track which TV's are linked to more frequently an d which ones consumers are simply not interested in reviewing information about.CRY Codes help provide companies another way to calculate Brand Development Indexes. They have the ability to use this tool to localize their marketing strategies. They also can use this to determine on a local level how many users in that region are engaged. This information helps the companies establish and measure the core objectives in their marketing plans. It also allows the company o be in control of some Information that consumers can easily be directed to by the appropriate placement of the codes.The concern with CRY Codes is whether they will be used actively In the future. They could be very beneficial to customers and companies, but they need more exposure to get to that point. With the number of smartened users growing rapidly, the readers will be available to more and more people. The more companies begin using codes, the more consumers will start to notice teen. Walt ten ease AT using teen slimly to retrieve a phone mummer I this technology is going to grow in some form or another in the future.

Welcome speech for annual day

Every morning when I put on my Head Girl badge, I am reminded of the responsibility, challenges and leadership I entail. Although Yr 12 is often described as hectic, for me it has been a year of great discoveries. Where I have learnt from positive and negative experiences, learnt about myself and my peers, and gained the acquired knowledge I will need to carry on for the beginning of my adult life. When I think of the Student Council team this year, I see a group of passionate young adults who can work together in making positive changes throughout the school.Their strength, enthusiasm and positivity has been refreshing and assisted us through the years' hurdles. My experiences at Leeming Senior High School have shaped me into the Year 12 Student I am today and I thank the teachers, students and school for all they have contributed. â€Å"Ability is nothing without opportunity' I have been given countless opportunities to enhance my leadership skills and workshop my passion for dram a. I have attended various leadership camps such as the Sir Charles CourtLeaders Program in 2009 and the Amanda Young Leaders Eco-Summit in 2010. Both these camps not only taught me how to develop my leadership qualities but also bring these skills out into the community, and especially our school. My involvement in the annual school productions, ‘Summer of the Aliens' in 2009, ‘Ziggy's Bar – A Cabaret' in 2010 and this year's ‘A Dream Deferred'; can be characterised by the words: magical, emotional and at times, life changing. IVe come to believe the truth is the most valuable gift you can share with other people.Who you are and what you do is priceless. Sharing my experiences and leadership with the rest of LSHS, the class of 2011 and eventually the rest of the world, has and is one of my goals. My stories. My truths. So that we may all come to understand each other a little better. So that we may all find our own definition of what it means to be successf ul. So that our generation will be prepared to lead. I leave you with one last quote from Nelson Mandela, â€Å"Sometimes it falls upon a generation to be great. You can be that generation. â€Å"

Audit planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Audit planning - Essay Example Audit Planning always required smooth and successful transition schedule and it must be carefully analysed.We will complete this audit in several simple stages; buy using these stages our aim will be to better monitor the audit process and provide recommendations for its improvement. Our key steps will be: 1. Establishing priority areas: Here we will identify the critical business processes that need to be audited, such as; bad debts, issue of pre paid expenses and payments owes by other businesses, and expenses that are occurred due to cancelling the balance of invoices not received in previous years. Here we will collect all the data required for audit and the costs involved doing this audit in such areas. Here our objective is to find how we can better control the costs and minimize the debts. 2. Monitoring and Continuous Audit Rules Here we will consider all the accounting and internal rules adapted by the company and how these rules applied to each area and are company following these rules and making sure none of them are being violated. Like which ISA is applied to the auditing area. 3. Configuring Audit Parameters Here auditor will consider several parameters like the cost benefits of error detection and these parameters can be audit and management follow-up activities, etc. Here auditors can perform stratification of audited data and divide them into sub-groups; this will allow them to monitor the activity far better. 4. Following Up Follow up is another parameter but its more focused it will allow us to look into errors and risks more deeply and will set the alarms and the data which is purely educational where no other source present than it will benefit the auditor to establish grounds and there is no source available for evaluation. 5. Communicating Results Now, it is time to discuss the results and outcomes with the concern persons or person. Make sure you present your data in easy to understand and friendly manner, support it with pictures and ch arts. Like in our scenario we will present the data to senior auditor and help them in the whole process. Requirement: Determine both areas of risk and areas of control (justify and explain. Identify weakness and potential risks) In modern world risks and weaknesses study is very essential for businesses and in almost every area of business. (Weiss, 2010) The one of the major weakness is that company has not owned any place they are working at a place which is taken from council and they are on lease. This can be a great threat as well if council asked them to release the place on short notice. Company’s expenses are very high and increased significantly as compare to last year. One other weakness is that company balance is very high and company work on credit and their bad debts are very high. Many receivables are cancelled too. The one of the major issues are that health department fines are also high. One of the major threats is that council can cancel the lease since high amounts of lease are not paid and due, health department fines are very high and mat be one reason council can cancel their permit. Requirement: Apply analytical procedures in order to compare accounts with most significant variations between periods (justify and explain why you consider having potential inherent risk) Analytical technique is always needed when auditor is measuring significant variations (Rittenberg, Johnstone and Gramling, 2009). In the year 2009 the balance for current assets were 6,819,248.36 where this were reduced to 6,135,435.45 almost the variance of -683,812.91 or almost decreased to -10.03. The assets decreased almost 10% which is very risky for the4 production and output of the company may affect, if it will continue in future too. In current assets similarly the raw material’s balance as compare to last year reduced and most affected area was receivables which is most risky because it will directly affect the liquidity and

See details Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

See details - Essay Example However, when the Spartans staged a war against the Athenians, the Athenians managed to win against them with an army three times less than theirs. The victory of the Athens against the Spartans won the state a lot of respect form other Greek states. However, it was the rise of the Persians and their conquests against the Greek states and islands that prompted the formation of the Delian League. The formation of the League promoted Athens’ struggle to conquer the Persia. Many things did not go as planned after the formation of League, with Athens hijacking the leadership and control of the union. The activities of the Athens in the leadership of the League prompted the question, were Athens trying to genuinely make a united government under their leadership to promote a better defence against the Persian threat or were the Delian League just an attempt by them to create a Thalassocracy. According to various studies, the Athens was angry for power. Little did they consider the interests of other cities. The Persian threat, although having been key to the formation of the government, in a big way, it was not the main interest of the Athenians. There was more to the unity, as the various scholars suppose. If the Athenians were after uniting the various cities into the Delian League, they would have allowed independence to various states forming part of the league. However, the exercise of supremacy by the Athenian power indicated their intentions to create a Thalassocracy. The forceful pulling of the various groups into the League by the Athens, and intimidating means it used to draw the members into the league was proof enough that Athens was not interested in uniting them into the common interest that united them against Persian. This paper seeks to justify that the reasons why Athens formed a united government under their leadership was not to promote a better defence against Persian invasion, but the Delian League was an attempt to create a Thalassocrac y. In explaining whether Athens was genuinely making a united government under their leadership to promote a better defence against the Persian threat, reasons for the formation of the Delian League are discussed. The Delian League as an organization was established in the early 5th Century BC by several Greek states. The main reason why these states formed the league was to defend them against Persian invasion. They had defeated the Persians in the Greaco-Persian wars, and an alliance of several states against them was the best way to ensure immunity (Spielvogel 78). Uniting against a common enemy made states stronger. They created a strong army by bringing the best men together to form one common army. They would also enjoy the best leadership and command from a single source. The unity would also ensure that the states shared a common interest, making them even stronger. Although they had earlier defeated the Persians, its Empire was still powerful. Besides, the reason for the le ague was to get a little payback for the devastation the member states had suffered in the hands of the Persian forces (Duiker and Jackson 103-104). The common interest between Greek forces united together states consisting of Athens and Greek from Ionia, the Hellespont of the besieged Sentos, a city previously held by the Persians. As a result of this, the Greek fleet under the command of   Pausanias who was a military commander from Sparta, sailed to

John Wayne Gacy Murder Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

John Wayne Gacy Murder Trial - Essay Example John Wayne Gacy was an American who was convicted of murder and sexual assaults. Evidence indicated that between 1972 and 1978, he murdered and sexually assaulted at least 33 young men and teenage boys. Due to his serial killing, he earned the tag â€Å"Killer Clown†. Also, evidence indicates that the defendant was living a double life; that of committing murders and that of engaging in political and charitable activities. Murder trials show that he was convicted of more murders than any other person in the American history. Based upon this historic murder trial, therefore, this paper will analyze the case and document and respond to a number of issues relating to the case (Mendenhall, 1996).   Since the offenses that the defendant committed were â€Å"unusual†, it is important to understand the specific psychological characteristics and patterns that might be inferred from him. The testimony that was made during the trial indicated that Gacy had psychological characteristics and patterns that to a greater extent depicted his atrocious actions. Those who worked for him testified that he was violent and in most cases showed an intention to commit sexual assaults; actually, they testified that they had survived sexual and violent encounters with him (Amirante and Broderick, 2011). Friends, family and his former employees also testified that Gacy had mood swings and was â€Å"awfully tricky†, a trait he used to succeed in handcuffing them. Most of the sixty witnesses who testified during trial took notice of these characteristics and patterns. Since such characteristics are often associated with the insane, this was not the case with Gacy as psychologists had confirmed that he was sane, and he committed the offenses while in sound mind. Psychologists and medical experts who testified for the defense agreed that he was very intelligent and generous.

The success attributable to leadership in Compaq Computers and Konica Case Study

The success attributable to leadership in Compaq Computers and Konica Corp - Case Study Example From its beginning until 1991, the company witnessed considerable growth and profit. However, as a result of the intense competition in the market, the company lost momentum and for the first time in its history, the company declared loss in 1991, followed by laying off 1700 employees and cutting the price of the products. However, as the new leader Eckhard Pfeiffer took up the task, he introduced a totally new approach and strategy. On his beginning, as Salazar (1996, p. 638) reports, Pfeiffer declared his seven point strategy that included continuing to be the major global supplier of PCs and systems, PC division introducing new cost-effective and entry level products which are high performing, the system division providing quality service and customer support, maintaining high quality and reliability, high quality customer service and support, a continuously decreasing price of products ensuring competitive prices in all markets, and an increased sales and distribution. A look int o the history of the company proves that the company managed to do all this, and the leadership of Pfeifer in achieving all these in the shortest time cannot be neglected. Pfeiffer’s Success Mantra and What Konica lacked Pfeiffer did not aim at short term management but long term success. His success lies in the fact that he clearly understood what went wrong with the company and he prepared a clear strategy for the company. In addition, he executed what he prepared. According to him, the failure of the company happened because its success made the company rest on its laurels for a while and hence, the company did not notice the signals of the growth of its rivals. So it focused only on the high-end market, keeping is products expensive. However, for Pfeifer, the picture was very clear. He knew what to do. His strategy was to slash prices on high-end products to keep the existing range of customers, and to introduce new entry level, low margin products which are designed to s ell profitably at a price that matches low-cost competitors. Now, it is time to see how Pfeifer managed to introduce the low-priced line in a short time. Similarly, even before it falling into loss, Konica realized the threats ahead, reading from the changes in the market. In the year 1986, Fuji Film had 67.5% of the film market share, and Kodak had an increase in its market share by one percent. However, Konica lost one point of market share, falling from 22% to 21%. In addition, competition on the price of photofinishing was intense. The price of developing the film and the price of color printing were going down considerably for the last five years. So, the estimate was that the mini-labs would handle 25% of the amateur photofinishing market by 1989. In addition, as Turpin and Shen (1999) state, the camera section where Konica had a 5.5% share too was facing intense competition as the markets had matured and as companies were introducing cameras with a lot of new features and whi ch are user-friendly; and the main players in the

Why do Marian sites become pilgrim shrines Essay

Why do Marian sites become pilgrim shrines - Essay Example is that Marian sites, those places where it is held or believed that a Holy Christian supernatural presence, that of Mary, Mother of Jesus, has revealed itself, soon become sites to where an influx of people travel on a regular basis satisfy their need for a religious experience. They are, too, sites that take on a significance in the iconology and doctrine of the Catholic Church; and this document will attempt to explore the reasons why Marian sites become pilgrim shrines for the various groups and individuals who make pilgrimages to those places. Considering for a moment one of the modern day sites, Medjugorje, a place where, in June, 1981, six young teenagers reported to villagers and local church authorities their shared experience taking place atop a hill located near their village. The experience the children reported was that of having seen the vision of the Mother of Jesus, the Holy Mother of the Catholic Church, Mary, atop the hill where, dressed in a veil, she â€Å"hovered† initially advising the children to pray for â€Å"personal and world peace, payer, faith, conversion Christianity, fasting, penance, and the necessity of praying the rosary to avert world disaster.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢.1 A simple enough message, â€Å"pray for peace,† which, in June, 1981, could be interpreted to apply to any number of current world events, but at the time, at the forefront of international concern, in 1981, was the subject HIV/AIDS, the disease that has yet to be cured today, and that since that time spread and devastat ed populations around the world regardless of the socio-economic status of those populations.2 1981 marked the year that Lady Diana Spencer would wed England’s Prince Charles, subsequently becoming the Princess of Wales and, after that, one of the most influential and controversial figures in the royal family.3 And while there was no shortage of events about which to be concerned or that would call for prayers of peace in 1981, there would come to be, some 10

Reference Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reference Paper - Essay Example Success stories are not created overnight and single-handedly and to say that most have been fashioned as a result of solitary efforts would be to make an assumption that has no basis in reality. The examples of this phenomenon abound in every walk of life. Movies and literature are teeming with success stories that talk of people and how the support that they received has played a great role in giving them the success that they have today. An excellent example of such a ‘person’ who achieved success as a result of the support that was given to him along his path to success is the character of â€Å"Babe† in the movie of the same name. Known as â€Å"Babe -the gallant pigâ€Å", this movie depicts the character of a pig who is raised on a farm owned by Farmer Hoggett, by a family of border collies and who aspires to be a sheep-dog one day. Babe is well liked by every animal on the farm as he is a friendly and polite animal, something which turns out to be the very secret behind his eventual success as a â€Å"sheep-dog†. The movie highlights the relationship that Babe has with most resident animals of the farm and how he is taught the value of politeness by â€Å"Maa†, the elderly ewe who also lives on the farm. The family of sheep dogs that raise Babe have a condescending attitude towards the other animals on the farm and they view most other animals as ‘stupid’. The ewe tells Babe that he too can become a sheep-dog and he can substitute his weaknesses by working on his strategy and ’asking’ the sheep to move, rather than to force them or to treat them roughly. As a result of this, babe, in spite of his small size and stature, is able to impress farmer Hogget with his abilities when he herds the chickens on the farm one day, separating the brown ones from the white. As a result of this, Farmer Hoggett decides to take Babe to the field the next day where he again impresses the farmer by his uncanny ability to guide and herd the sheep and in doing so, Babe

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Business Ethics - Essay Example The plot revolves around the business interrelation that exists between China, Iran and the United States of America. It begins with a missile that vanishes in Iran. This creates tension among security forces in the US and the CIA is the most affected. Funny enough this does not worry them as they have something else bigger to worry about. In relation to this, the new owner of the Emirates oil company gives a deal to China and cuts out a company from the US that reacts by firing all its workers who are not of the native origin and goes further to combine with an undersized firm which has just landed on an oil contract in Kazakhstani. The US unit of justice notices bribery in the oil firm’s law unit finds its way out by identifying a scapegoat. Bribery is against business ethics and it brings a bad picture of the company. The CIA needs to find a scapegoat as well after the mission of eliminating Emir-apparent backfires. This can be described as unethical skills of doing busines s because it is engaging in criminal activities so as to gain certain interest. Bob Barnes a CIA agent looks into the whole saga which is considered to be a double cross. An economist from America sacrifices his son to come into contract with sheik which entailed advising him that the CIA wants him dead. The movie features current events in the business world such as oil trade. The world depends on oil and people would do anything to ensure that they have this commodity even if it means breaking business ethical rules.

Economics for Public Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics for Public Policy - Essay Example In this case, the two firms would benefit from a reduction in the advertisement. In this regard, the legal system is the legal advertisement by the two companies. The anarchy is a situation where both the two firms fail to take part in advertisement. This situation would be beneficial for both the two firms. On the other hand, if Firm B fails to advertise where as Firm A advertise, the advertisement would significantly benefit Firm A. However, the maximum level of advertisement by a single firm is depended on the degree of advertisement undertaken by the other firm (Axelrod, 2004). This means that there is an equal outcome whenever different companies pursue advertisement to a level below the equilibrium. This principle can be applied to different areas such as rational environments. It explains why the presidential candidates in two different parties are actually similar. Whenever the candidates are confirmed in the preliminaries, they would be created inside their camps of partisan . The electorate who are undecided would be categorised in the central political spectrum. The candidates may tend to rash to the middle group so as to appeal to the group. In this case, the assumption is that voters would select the close option thus many votes could be acquired whenever one is in the center. Part b. The benefits of welfare are an efficiency-enhancing insurance scheme, which may insure against incoming risks. Those individuals who hold the illustrations of the prisoner's dilemma believe that the game highlights morality in challenges that are faced by large groups or welfare. Similar to the game of two players, the game with many players pays the cooperating players R, and defecting players P. In welfare, when some individual defect while some cooperate the cooperating players would get an S while the defecting players will get a T. A good example is illustrated in the commons tragedy. All The members of a certain welfare prefer to graze their animals on the common s instead of maintaining the animals on his own land (Axelrod and William, 2006). The common resource will become unsuitable for grazing whenever it is used by a number above the threshold. In this case, there is a derived benefit B that each welfare member can achieve whenever he or she pays a cost C sufficiently. Above n choose C Below n choose C C C+ B C D B 0 Above n choose C Below n choose C C C+ B C D B 0 From the table, there is an assumption that cost C is negative. The dilemma in this case, is to obtain a benefit with no cost incurred. In a situation, that is ideal the benefit is always a be given reward together with the cost. The challenging situation is to incur a cost but no benefit. This means that a payoff is ordered as B>(B+C)>0>C. In this respect, whenever one chooses C he obtains C+B hence the benefits of welfare are an efficiency-enhancing insurance scheme. Response to question 2. Part a. The two categories of voters will include the rich the middle and the poor p ersons. R M P Gross income $13 $4 $3 Willingness to pay $4.5 $1.5 $0.5 . This cannot be said to be a pay off matrix since all the willingness to pay, being penalties needs to be identified as negative numbers. T= [] If we add $4 to each element we get T= ] T=] The first step involves checking for saddle points (Bendor, 2007). This is a point where the unstable and stable manifold has a dimension that fails to be a zero (Axelrod, 2007). In a matrix, it

Exploring the relationship between Eddie and Catherine Essay Example for Free

Exploring the relationship between Eddie and Catherine Essay Exploring the relationship between Eddie and Catherine as it develops throughout the play  A View from the Bridge is a play centred around the life and loves of one man: Eddie Carbone. As the play develops, we see his personality become twisted, all because of the arrival of his wifes distant cousins. When Eddie finally realises and accepts what it is he feels, disaster strikes and inevitable tragedy occurs. Written by one of the most infamous playwrights of the 20th Century, Arthur Miller is a respected, intelligent and thought provoking man. This play is just an example of how someones life can be instantly changed simply by the arrival of another human being. From a caring, loving, protective uncle, the character of Eddie Carbone morphs into a monster of incestuous lust and violent anger. When we are first introduced to the characters of Eddie and Catherine, we are shown how intimate and secure their relationship seems on the surface. Although Catherine acts like a child, pretending that she has no idea about how the world around her works, Eddie knows that she is so much more than that, with a higher level of intelligence and a much brighter future. However, even though Eddie has a strong plutonic bond with his niece, he finds it difficult to show her how he feels. When he first speaks to her, saying, Where you goin all dressed up? he means for it to be advice, suggesting that she is dressed inappropriately and should consider wearing something else. However, it comes out more like a scalding, questioning her actions and the choices that she has made. From the beginning of the play, Catherine is strongly irritated by the way Eddie speaks to her, no matter how well he means. At this stage in the play, this irritability is irrelevant because the love between these two characters is too powerful for anything to break. During the current stages of their lives, their relationship is presently very strong and reliable. They both trust each other boundlessly and share a love that only they can feel. However, as the events in the storyline develop, so too does the stress between them which has been built up over the years. Because of the stress that is put forward to each of them, the characters soon begin to anger one another causing their seemingly unbreakable relationship to break. In the latter part of the first scene that Eddie and Catherine are in together, an argument develops about the choice of clothes that Catherine is wearing (a short skirt to be precise). Eddie claims that she has been walking wavy whilst going down the street. Again, even though he is trying to look out for her and offer her the best advice he can for her own good, the manner by which he speaks it is insulting, and this therefore causes Catherines confidence and self-assurance to shatter. This is only the beginning of the dramatic events that are going to happen. During the scene that features the introduction of Marco and Rodolfo to the Carbone family, Eddie feels a further need to embarrass Catherine even more than what he has done previously. As she walks into the room wearing her high-heeled shoes, Eddie comments on them: Whats with the high heels, Garbo? and later Do me a favour, will you? Go ahead. Catherines attempts at trying to defend herself are faltered because she is so powerless when Eddie tells her what to do. This shows us that Eddie doesnt want other males looking at Catherine in a sexually attractive fashion, and this is also the first telltale sign of Eddies incestuous feelings towards his niece due to his blatant portrayal of jealousy. Even though Catherine is enraged by his comments and extremely embarrassed, she somehow manages to find it in her heart to forgive him. This proves the strength of their relationship at the moment, showing that it takes a lot more than that for their relationship to be destroyed. This emphasises the fact that Eddie and Catherine have a mutual, almost telepathic, understanding of each other. When we see Alfieri on stage after this scene, he discusses the issues that have yet to pass between the family, suggesting that Eddie has an inevitably tragic destiny, which comes as a result of his perverted feelings towards Catherine.  Much later in the play, during the scene where Catherine and Rodolfo are coming home from the cinema, we see a side to Eddie that further emphasises his twisted, incestuous feelings towards his innocent niece. The manner in which he speaks to them pronounces his jealously of Rodolfo more than anything previously said in the play. Rodolfo. Go inside, will you? Eddie uses these words as a desperate attempt at trying to get Catherine by herself, and when I doesnt work the first time, he starts to mildly insult Rodolfo, by saying such things as (smiling unwillingly) Fountains? (Rodolfo smiles at his own naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½vetà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) and tries to mock him and his origin. Once Eddie finally manages to be alone with Catherine, his real feelings towards her start to unmeaningly surface. When hearing her say the she likes Rodolfo, his mood turns from bad to worse. Currently, it seems that as Catherine and Rodolfos relationship develops, so too does her relationship with Eddie deteriorate. Eddie tries to use everything he has to change Catherines opinion on Rodolfo, such as he has no respect for him despite everything he has helped him with, and saying that he dont bless me. Eddie uses the fact that Rodolfo doesnt bless him in the false hope that it might make Catherine think about whether he blesses her, however nothing Eddie could say at this point would make her think differently. Eventually, he starts to make up lies about how Rodolfo reacts, by saying such things as He dont respect you, and He knows I mind, but it dont bother him. But sadly, deep down Eddie knows that nothing he says will change Catherines feelings, towards himself or for Rodolfo. At this point in the play, we can see the first signs of Catherines independent feelings blossoming and how the fear and control that Eddie once had over her falling apart. She is able to stand up to Eddie and promote her feelings, no matter what he thinks about them or tries to do to change them. She even has enough confidence built up inside of her to ask Eddie Why? when it comes to explaining why he doesnt like Rodolfo. Before we even reach the second act in the play, we have seen Catherine develop from an innocent little girl that followed orders from her uncle, to a now independent young woman who wants answers from that once domineering uncle.

Motives, Triggers And Barriers To Internationalization

Motives, Triggers And Barriers To Internationalization In general, internationalization occurs when the company expand its business activities into foreign markets. There might be several reasons for this. Of course, the most frequent reason is to expand profits, but this is not the only one. The motives and triggers for internationalization are a key concept for firms that are planning to enter the global market since both concepts will shape the internationalization strategy or path (Äijà ¶ et al) and main characteristics of this process. Table 2 and Table 3 present the main motives and triggers. If the main reason to start exporting is to increase profits and growth, the potential new markets will be those where the competition is less fierce and margins can be set on a higher level. If the goal is to reduce costs by expanding the economies of scale, the target countries might be anyone, independent of the profit level that the company can achieve there as long as there are positive. If the fierce competition in the local market is the driver to star exporting, then the foreign market will be determined as a defensive strategy mainly by forces external to the firm. Another crucial concept is the barriers hindering the export initiation. If any one of this factors or a combination of them is available in the firms context, it may hold back the internationalization of the firm for a long period or even forever. According to Hollensen (2008), the critical factors hindering internationalization initiation are mainly internal. Table 4 summarizes these barriers. In the Day Chocolate case, and based on the general information analysed and on the company history, it will be assumed that the primary motive to start the internationalization process is to increase profits and to grow in revenue. In addition, some foreign market opportunities could be considered as a motive. On the other hand, Competitive Pressure as a reactive motive could also have been stated, but it does not seem the main one according to the information analysed. The Day Chocolate is a small company and usually the firms that react to competitive pressures are larger than they are. Furthermore, Days revenue and market share are increasing according to companies figures, so the competitive pressure is not really a problem yet. The rest of the motives in Table 2 were discarded after a careful examination. The main trigger found in the The Day Chocolate case can be the Perceptive management. The company management is highly professional, includes people with many different backgrounds and the fact that the headquarters are in London -a well known international financial and trade centre- provides another good reason to support this interpretation. The second trigger might be the Importing as inward internationalization. Although the products and the headquarters are I the United Kingdom, the production facilities are located in Germany and the final product is exported from there to the U.K., according to the BBC[19]. The knowledge accumulated by importing the product from one European country to England can be used to make easy the export process to any other European nation. In order to be able to answer the question regarding to which country they should go (export or invest in) it is assumed that no barriers hindering the export initiation exists or that if they exist, they are preventable at an affordable cost. It can also be assumed that these barriers will not stop the internationalization of the firm but rather slow the velocity at which the company expands abroad. 2.5.2. Strategic approach to internationalization Once it has become clear that the firm can, needs or wants to export or expand their operations abroad, there is a need of knowing how and where to go. In order to answer these questions it is necessary to have a framework to guide the analysis. For The Day Chocolate case the guidebook presented in Internationalization Handbook by Äijà ¶ (Äijà ¶ et al. 2005) was the most appropriated. This structure is presented in Figure 5. According to Äijà ¶ the first part (Part I) in Figure 5 is the selection of the appropriate Internationalization Path. In his book, he presents three typical pathways that the internationalization process of a software firm may take, but his steps and conclusions can also be expand to any firm in the confectionery market like Days chocolate. This area under discussion is also the same as the one that Hollensen refers as Internationalization theories or models in the third chapter of his book Essentials of Global Marketing. For the purpose of this work, the 3 pathways presented by Äijà ¶ can also be increase with the many other presented by Hollensen. Among many models, paths or theories, the most well known are the one presented in Table 5. Based on Days corporate webpage statistics and from private sector publications[20], like Tranchell Doherty, it can be assumed that the company started it internationalization process by choosing an Organic growth path. The timeline on the firms webpage confirms that Devines management decided to begin their operations abroad in markets that are very close in location but also in culture and institutions like the United States and that the internationalization process has been taking place in small but incremental steps. The size of the company and the market where it operates also support this view. In contrast with what happens with large companies, where the internationalization process happens in a relatively continuous and incremental fashion, for SMEs (like The Day Chocolate) in general this process is made in small incremental steps. According to Hollensen, usually for SMEs the internationalization process is relatively discrete and every project is distinct and individual. The fact that the company operates in the confectionery industry and not in the IT sector, among other facts, is also a good reason for not considering this firm chocolate as a born global company. Freeman (2002) also states that for Small and Medium Enterprises managers tend to gather and look for relevant knowledge and information before becoming internationalization ready, which is consistent with Devines history and with the Uppsala model[21]. In 2007, the company took the next step in its internationalization process by setting a foot in the United States market by opening offices there. According to Johanson, and Wiedersheim-Paul (1975) that would have constituted the third stage. 2.5.3. The country choice Once the company has determined the path for internalization, its management needs to start the potential markets selection process (Part II in figure x.1). To address this problem, the screening process detailed in Rugman and Collinson (1995) will be used. 2.5.3.1. First screening: determining what product to offer to the world market This first screening is crucial in determining the potential of the companys goods in markets other than the local. This task can be carried on successfully by using a wide number of market research tools. International trade statistics inspection, competitors financial information analysis and research papers or databases that are offered by international multilateral organizations like FAO, the World Bank and the IMF could be valuable tools as well. In general, chocolate confectionery is offered in all almost the countries of the world. In this sense, initially there are a large number of potential countries where to choose from. However, in this case, the company is selling a very specific product (high quality + socially friendly chocolate) that limits the scope of this first screening. One drawback when dealing with this kind of specific and one-in-a-kind characterized goods is the lack of information or the excessive cost of getting it. A first measure to identify the potential foreign markets for The Day Chocolate would be analysing the world trade evolution of Fair-Trade products. That might help the firms management in recognizing the most active markets for this kind of products. As it is shown in Table 6 and according to the Fairtrade Labelling Organizations (FLO) in 2009 they were many countries showing a dynamic market for this kind of products. Among them, it is necessary to highlight Canada, Finland, Australia and New Zealand where the surge in the transactions was higher that 65% in the first case and about 60% in the other tree cases. Other nations with a remarkable performance were Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Ireland and Sweden. Although the U.K. and the United States presented a performance below the average growth rate of 15%, it is necessary to state that they are still by far the most important markets in volume for organic and fair-traded goods. Regarding the specific case of this companys main product, a NGO -TransFair USA- declare that during 2008 the imports of fair-trade certified cocoa into the U.S. rose at rates of more than 50%.[22] Finally, the genuine potential of every market will be ultimately determined by the interaction with other factors such as socio cultural forces and economic conditions. 2.5.3.2. Second screening: Macroeconomic and financial conditions The last World Economic Outlook report from the International monetary Fund (IMF)[23] clearly shows what to expect for the upcoming years. The developed countries GDP will grow on average 2,5% in 2011, still trying to recover from 2007s financial crisis. The U.S., Germany, and the U.K, together with some developed Asian countries such as South Korea will be presenting above average growth rates. However, some countries like Spain, Italy and France will show a growth rate between 0% and 1%. On the other hand, developing nations are expected to growth on average 6,5%, with Developing Asia and Latin America leading among these regions. From a macroeconomic point of view, the next years are going to be very good ones for most of the developing countries and also for some developed nations. For the purpose of this document, the countries will be segmented in four categories, considering that The Day Chocolate should focus in the short run on those that are not experiencing a recession. Table 7 contains this information. However, the product that they are offering is not a cheap one. It is a premium product and usually the prices are above the average. In this context, the income levels of the consumers are also an important factor to be considered. This is what Rugman Collinson (1995) called the Market intensity. Figure 6 shows the relation between the per capita income level for all developed countries and the expected GDP growth for 2011. As it is shown, there are 1 group that is more desirable for the company. The second quadrant comprises all countries showing both very high income level and high expected level of economic activity. However, the companys management might find also attractive potential markets in countries that do not have a very high level of per capita income, but whichs economies are growing very fast (Quadrant 4). 2.5.3.3. Third screening: Political and Legal forces This step covers the examination of the political and legal forces in every potential market. There might be trade barriers that obstruct the export process or the lack of solid institutions can represent a serious risk in the form of the future losses. One way to detect this serious problems is by addressing to the World Economic Forums (WEF) Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)[24]. This index includes a weighted average of several different components, each one of them measuring a diverse feature of the competitiveness. Those components are grouped into 12 categories or pillars. The first one of these pillars is Institutions. The GCI is calculated for 140 countries and the results are available free of charge. Table 8 presents the most important variables and their weight within the first pillar: Institutions. Table 9 provides some of the results obtained by the WEFs researchers for the 2010/11 index[25]. There it can be seen that the countries with the most stable or trustworthy are in general also those with a higher level of economic development. 2.5.3.4. Forth screening: socio-cultural forces A multinational corporation or a company desiring to become one should examine the main social and cultural disparities between the potential market and the home country. The concepts of cultural distance and psychological distance as presented in Hollensen (2008) have the potential of disturbing the normal flow between the foreign market and the company. Language, religion, work habits, ethnicity, age and many other socio-cultural factors may influence the decision regarding where to locate the operations. Maps 1 and 2 illustrate this theory by presenting the world distribution of the main religions and of the English speaking nations. For The Day Chocolate to avoid problems generated by cultural distance it will be recommended to establish operations or to export to anglo-saxon countries, like former British colonies or commonthwealth nations. Other european nations, specially those from German and Nordic origins, might be suitable in this first stage of internationalization. In a future stage, and after reducing these distances by means of the learning process, the firm might also attempt to gain a foot in more culturally distant markets. Focus groups activities and consumer surveys can help the firm in determining the main differences and similarities between the foreign market and the headquarters values and culture. 2.5.3.5. Fifth screening: Competitive enviroment This last stage of the analysis focuses on the competitive forces. Confronted with comparable and equally desirable potential markets, the firms tend to internationalize to those where the competition is less ferocious. The lack of competition can provide the company with some degree of monopolistic power that might have the power to increase the earnings. In the case analyzed, there were detected many new actors entering into the market in the last years, also some big players in the industry like Nestle and Cadbury are making efforts to tap this fast growing segment[26]. Despite these facts, competition is still not a barrier in most of the national markets analysed. Special attention should be paid to Germany, Switzerland and Austria, where several small and medium local producers have a long lasting tradition manufacturing chocolate products of world recognized quality[27]. 2.5.3.6. Final selection According to The Day Chocolates website, the firm currently operates in 11 markets. In the U.K.[28] and in the United States, the company has direct control over its business. In the rest of the countries, they rely on other companies, which are in charge of the distribution channels (Canada, Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Japan). Trough the screening process and its five stages many countries were considered as potential new markets: Finland, Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, South Korea, Germany, Switzerland and Romania. Germany and Switzerland were discarded mainly because of the competitive environment and in second place because some possible cultural distance. South Korea was finally not considered fundamentally because the huge cultural distance and also because the physical distance. Due to the market size and growth projections, the chocolate per capita consumption[29], the similarities in the socio-cultural environments, the reliable legal and political framework, the expected friendly competitive context this document concludes that The Day Chocolates management should make an effort to analyse in more detail the potential of the following new markets: Australia, Finland, Belgium and New Zealand.

Relationship between business and the local, national and global

Relationship between business and the local, national and global The aim of this unit is to provide learners with an understanding of different organisations, the influence of stakeholders and the relationship between business and the local, national and global environments. Q1: Identify the purposes of different types of organisation? Ans: ORGANIZATION DEFINITION: An organization is a social arrangement which brings towards collective goals, controls its own performance, and it has a boundary to make it separate from its environment. The word I is derived from the Greek word organon, itself derived from the better-known word ergon. TYPES: Bureaucratic structures Bureaucratic structures have a certain degree of standardization. They are better suited for more complex or larger scale organizations. They usually adopt a tall structure. Then tension between bureaucratic structures and non-bureaucratic is echoed in Burns and Stalked distinction between mechanistic and organic structures. It is not the entire thing about bureaucratic structure. It is very much complex and useful for hierarchical structures organization, mostly in tall organizations. Functional structure Employees within the functional divisions of an organization plan to perform a specified set of tasks, for instance the engineering department would be staffed only with software engineers. This leads to operational efficiencies within that group. However it could also lead to a lack of communication between other fields because these people jst tend to theie limited. Divisional structure Also called a product structure, the divisional structure groups each organizational function into a divisions. Each division within a divisional structure contains all the necessary resources and functions within it. Divisions can be divided from different points of view. There can be made a distinction on geographical basi or on product/service basis. Another example, an automobile company with a divisional structure might have one division for SUVs, another division for subcompact cars, and another division for sedans. Each division would have its own sales, engineering and marketing departments. Matrix structure The matrix structure groups employees by both function and product. This structure can combine the best of all other separate structures.This structure is often used by different employes to complete some tasks in order to take advantage of combine strengths and to finish weaknesses. An example would be a company that produces two products, product a and product b. Using the matrix structure, this company would organize functions within the company as follows: product a sales department, product a customer service department, product a accounting, product b sales department, product b customer service department, product b accounting department. Matrix structure is amongst the purest of organizational structures, a simple lattice emulating order and regularity demonstrated in nature. Team One of the newest organizational structure which is developed in 20th century .In small Business the team structure can be defined as the entire organization. Teams can be both horizontal and vertical.while an organization is comprises as a set of people who meet to achieve newer dimensions, the quality of organizational structure revolves around the competencies of teams in totality. For example every one of the whole food market, the largest natural-foods grocer in the US developing a focused strategy.While team leaders in any store or in any region are also a team. Q2: Describe the extent to which an organization meets the objectives of different stakeholders? Ans: Definition: It is called the measure to which an organization fulfil the goals and overview the problems of stakeholders by taking review of their whole business cases. Major differences in how organizations carry out the various steps and activities in the strategic planning process are more of a matter of the size of the organization than its for-profit/nonprofit status. Small nonprofits and small for-profits tend to conduct somewhat similar planning activities that are different from those conducted in large organizations. On the other hand, large nonprofits and large for-profits tend to conduct somewhat similar planning activities that are different from those conducted in small organizations. (The focus of the planning activities is often different between for-profits and nonprofits. Nonprofits tend to focus more on matters of board development, fundraising and volunteer management. For-profits tend to focus more on activities to maximize profit. Also, with the size of the organization, differences in how organizations carry out the planning activities are more of a matter of the nature of the inclusion in the organization than its for-profit/nonprofit status. For example, detail given people may prefer a linear, top-down, general-to-specific approach to planning. On the other hand, rather artistic and highly reflective people may favor of a highly divergent and organic approach to planning. Q: Explain the responsibilities of an organization and strategies employed to meet them? Ans: It Is defied as the the duty and well being of the staff , contractors and the population in the area where it operates. Organisations also have a responsibility to ensure that others are not put at risk by their work-related activities, including driving. These factors, therefore, point to a need to carry out an assessment of the health and safety risks for employees while they are at work, and to other people who might be affected by their work activities. Organisations should also looks at its employers which includes in it the data of the employers should be be kept in privacy and should provide them with all the peace of mind. Organisations should also lookafter the environment means factory where the production takes place the surrounding area .They should make sure that the surrounding area including population , land and other things should not b harmed by their activities. Organizational members, themselves, should be giving remarkable to what these new responsibilities should be, rather than leaving this task to management. It is also the responsibility of the organisatios to make peace of mind of costumers and making their will by advertising their products in a well manner . A greater awareness of environmental issues, working conditions and social responsibility has led an increasing number of consumers to take these aspects into consideration when shopping. If the chief executive isnt fully behind the program, employees will certainly notice and this apparent hypocrisy may cause such cynicism that the organization may be worse off than having no formal ethics program at all. Therefore, the chief executive should announce the program, and champion its development and implementation. Most important, the chief executive should consistently aspire to lead in an ethical manner. If a mistake is made, admit it. Q: Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively? Ans: The allocated resources are the resources in a business by which we can sale our products without the review of these resources we cannot take our business to the market. The major function of an economic system is to work out the basic economic problems which are; What is to be produced, How is it to be produced, For whom to produce and How efficient is the use of resources. These economic problems are caused by the fact that resources are limited but human wants are unlimited. Therefore, every country desires to adopt an appropriate system which will result in efficient allocation of resources so as to avoid scarcity. There are three systems used for this purpose which are: Command economic system Mixed economic system Free market economic system In a command economic system resources are allocated by the government through their planning system. The main role in this system are government , employes and consumers. All system is owned by the government. The Market system of economy which is also called the price system simply put is a means of allocating resources in which the resources are allocated by the market mechanism and the major economic problems are resolved by private individuals. In mixed economic system resources are allocated by the government and the stakeholders as well And this system is owned by the two parties I.e. government and the investers as well. some resources are allocated through the price or market mechanism and others are allocated by the state. In theory, such a system is able to combine the best elements of both a planned economy and a market economy. In reality, the proportion of planned and market varies, with some countries placing more emphasis on market solutions to resource allocations and others favouring a greater role for state planning. Third one is called pure economic system but it is rarely found. a market economy answers the three questions that form the economic problem through a market system. The market system is based on the demand and supply of products. Demand and supply determine prices and prices act as signals to both producers and consumers . The market system depends on a number of terms to ensure it is working properly. the profit motive _the incentive for a reward for enterprise Good levels of information being available to both producers and consumers Price accurately reflecting the costs and benefits of consumption and production The ease with which resources can move to different uses If I buy a usb priced at  £12.99 but do not like the music on it, I might decide that I was not getting  £12.99 worth of value I could have used that  £12.99 to better effect by buying something else that would have given me more satisfaction. In short there should ba an understanding between the costumers and the producers for the well being of this system and for the progress of this business. Q: Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organizations and their impact? Ans: This Paper compares the dynamic impact of fiscal policy on macroeconomic variables implied by a large class of general equilibrium models with the empirical results from an identified vector autoregression. In the data we find that positive innovations in government spending are followed by strong and persistent increase There is a strong relationship between between public expenditure , reforms and growth as fiscal adjudjustments are created by reforms and growth. Assessing the effect of monetary policy and wage bargaining on employement and inflation in the European monetary union in the first step a kay kensyen is developed. Fiscal policy changes can be targeted to affect certain groups (e.g. increases in means-tested benefits for low income households, reductions in the rate of corporation tax for small-medium sized enterprises, investment allowances for businesses in certain regions) Consider too the effects of using either monetary or fiscal policy to achieve a given increase in national income because actual GDP. Lower interest rates will lead to an increase in both consumer and fixed capital spending both of which increases current equilibrium national income. Since investment spending results in a larger capital stock, then incomes in the future will also be higher through the impact on LRAS. When the economy is in a recession (when business and consumer confidence is very low and perhaps where deflationary pressures are taking hold) monetary policy may be ineffective in increasing current national spending and income. The problems experienced by the Japanese in trying to stimulate their economy through a zero-interest rate policy might be mentioned here. The government has introduced a lower starting rate of income tax for lower income earners. This is designed to provide an incentive for people to work extra hours and keep more of what they earn. Changes to the tax and benefit system also seek to reduce the risk of the poverty trap where households on low incomes see little net financial benefit from supplying extra hours of their labour. If tax and benefit reforms can improve incentives and lead to an increase in the labour supply, this will help to reduce the equilibrium rate of unemployment (the NAIRU) and thereby increase the economys non-inflationary growth rate. Taxation and the Pattern of Demand Changes to indirect taxes in particular can have an effect on the pattern of demand for goods and services. For example, the rising value of duty on cigarettes and alcohol is designed to cause a substitution effect among consumers and thereby reduce the demand for what are perceived as de-merit goods. In contrast, a government financial subsidy to producers has the effect of reducing their costs of production, lowering the market price and encouraging an expansion of demand. The use of indirect taxation and subsidies is often justified on the grounds of instances of market failure. But there might also be a justification based on achieving a more equitable allocation of resources e.g. providing basic state health care free at the point of use. Taxation and labour productivity Some economists argue that taxes can have a significant effect on the intensity with which people work and their overall efficiency and productivity. But there is little substantive empirical evidence to support this view. Many factors contribute to improving productivity tax changes can play a role but isolating the impact of tax cuts on producti Q: Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of a selected organization? Ans: A set of laws, practices and procedures aimed at enhancing the economic efficiency of the provision of goods and services by maximizing competition among suppliers and consumers in a market or market-like environment is called competition policy. Competition policy is one of the Singapore issues , or new issue that were introduced at the first wto conference held in Singapore in 1996.According to the declaration of the Singapore minestarial conference a working group is to be established to study issues raised by members concerning the interaction between trade and policy in order to identify possible areas that may be subject of a mulatilateral framework agreemenat. When markets deviate from competitive ideals, assessing the desirability of government intervention requires a careful assessment of the costs of market failures relative to the benefits of imperfect regulation. The recognition that even imperfect markets may be preferable to regulated outcomes accompanied a dramatic transformation in the nature and extent of government intervention across a broad range of markets over the past thirty years. Many industries long subject to price and entry regulation in the United States among them airlines, trucking, railroads, and banking were deregulated. NBER researchers continue in the vanguard of research, market design, and implementation of electricity restructuring. Much of the empirical work to date has focused on restructured generation markets, in which prices generally are determined through a competitive bidding process. Some of the topics or development of projects encouraged in this PA may also be more suitable for a small project grant (projects requesting total costs of $100,000 or less) (R03). If so, applicants are encouraged to apply under the procedures outlined in the AHRQ Small Research Grant Program PA, published in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts (NIH Guide), January 2, 2001. Competition should be in business because in this way we can represent our products in a well maner for example take mc donalds as an organization . When we talk about competition In mc donalds we have to keep eye on a lot of aspects which are by 1s competitions we should take care that others are not gona harm. Special offers should be kept in such a way that other branches should not take negative effect by it . It depends on the location as well means if some where rents are higher and the branch cannot afford it So therefore it is difficult for them to make some promotional offers. Q: Explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of businesses? Ans: A variety of recent proposals rely heavily on market forces as a means of controlling hospital cost inflation. Sceptics argue, however, that increased competition might lead to cost-increasing acquisitions of specialized clinical services and other forms of non-price competition as means of attracting physicians and patients. Using data from hospitals in 1972 we analyzed the impact of market structure on average hospital costs, measured in terms of both cost per patient and cost per patient day. Under the retrospective reimbursement system in place at the time, hospitals in more competitive environments exhibited significantly higher costs of production than did those in less competitive environments. Conventional wisdom has it that a large part of the explanation of Keynesian unemployment is the observe rigidities and prices. What has been lacking however is a satisfactory theory which explains how wages and prices can be at non market clearing level. If all firms in an industry actin concert to determine pricing policies, they can maximize their combined profits . Traditional oligopoly theories widely appericiate this fact and therefore they desire to collude to maximize their joint long run profits. It also suggests that the character and scope of collusive conduct is related to the structural and legal conditions cotfronting the firms in a market. Growth theorists have investigated extensively the idea that technological progress is endogenous and driven by market forces. General equilibrium (GE) models developed to explain these forces depart from the traditional theory of growth. Since innovation requires profit-seeking firms to undertake up-front research and development (RD), the factors determining the incentives to undertake RD in imperfect markets are central to the seminal theories of Romer (1990), Grossman and Helpman (1991), and Aghion, P. and Howitt, P., 1992. A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica 60, pp. 323-351Aghion and Howitt (1992). These contributions, however, downplay the role of market structure. In contrast, an important strand of literature in Industrial organization (IO) argues that market structure is a key factor determining RD investment because it captures features of the business environment, like the size and number of firms, barriers to entry, and diversification. These fact ors determine market rivalry which, in turn, determines the opportunities and constraints that firms face when planning. The financial structure and oligopoly have at least one common feature both place little emphasis on the strategic relationship between financial decisions and output market decisions. In financial theory , the product market is typically assumed to offer an exogenous random returns which is un affected by the debt equity positions of the firms in the market. A structural model is proposed which integrates and extends previous findings on the interrelations between risk-return outcomes, market share, firm conduct attributes, and inter-firm rivalry. It is argued that the relative impact of market share and firm conduct attributes on risk-return outcomes depends on the intensity of rivalry By these market structure kinds we can determine these policies very well and can get achieveable goals by making business on the top. Q: illustrate the way in which market forces shape organizational responses using a range of examples? Ans: An organization is a collection of people working together under a defined structure for the purpose of achieving predetermined outcomes through the use of financial, human, and material resources. There are a number of approaches to the structure and management of organizations. Forces of demand and supply representing the aggregate influenceof self-interested buyers and sellers on price and quantity of the goods and services offered in a market. In general, excess-demand causes prices and quantity of supply to rise, and excess supply causes them to fall The market forces also effect the organisatioal structure in thses five steps which are illustrated as below: The entry of competitors (how easy or difficult is it for new entrants to start to compete, which barriers do survive) The fear of substitutes (how easy can our product or service be produced, especially cheaper) The bargaining power of buyers (how strong is the position of buyers, can they work together to order large volumes) The bargaining power of suppliers (how strong is the position of sellers, are there many or only few potential suppliers, is there a monopoly) The rivalry among the existing players (is there a strong competition between the existing players, is one player very dominant or all all equal in strength/size) Some academics believe that a sixth force could be included government. A well-arranges organization is particularly important to call centers, given that the powerful pooling principle the immutable law that says consolidation of resources will result in improved efficiencies lies at the heart of call center effectiveness. In fact, when call centers began catching on several decades ago, the big challenge was to get callers to abandon the need to reach specific individuals. Today, as building customer relationships and loyalty have reached the forefront of strategy, the need to develop effective, collaborative organizations is more important than ever. However, there is an unfortunate paradox at work in many organizations. On one hand, the organizational design is constantly exerting its forces as it channels communications, shapes protocol and establishes lines of authority. It is one of the most influential and visible aspects of any enterprise. Most managers can draw their organization charts in their sleep. Yet, it is an issue that, in the daily, somehow becomes assumed almost outside the realm of managerial consciousness. By the use of these five market forces the organizational responses can be managed in a well way and The company can make progress in a well way. Q: Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behavior of a selected organization? Ans: Business and cultural environment comprises all those factors that affect a companys operations, and includes customers, competitors, stakeholders, suppliers, industry trends, regulations, other government activities, social and economic factors and technological developments. These factors affect the behaviour of an organization in different ways and these are the base as well for an organization. Organisation behaviour is a major part of any business and cultural environment because it sets out to help students understand how human beings deal with being part of organisations, large or small, working in teams and so forth. It is, essentially, the study of the soft end of business.   The theories derive from a variety of disciplines including sociology and psychology. It concerns itself with the complicated patterns of individual and group working. Thus the apparent aim of the study of organisational behaviour is to understand why people work in certain ways and then working out how to use this knowledge to improve the use of resources.   The history of the study of organisational behaviour is often broken down into different phases, beginning with both Scientific Management and the study of bureaucracy in the early-twentieth century. Both of these schools of thought were attempts to analyse human activity at work. The first looked at human beings as though they were part of a machine and sought to break activities down into discrete actions. The study of bureaucracy instead looked at the whole organisations and sought to define them through the varying levels of authority within the whole. The role of the manager in all this was also considered as the topic grew in scope.  Ã‚   As the study of psychology and psycho-analysis became more prevalent and more sophisticated, these rather mechanistic views eventually gave way to a more humanistic period in which it was seen that the workplace was also structured around mutually interactive groups of people who could not be defined in the earlier simplistic terms. Later on these ideas became even more sophisticated as it seemed that the work place was somewhere, if the conditions were right, people would find positive experiences, and where they could seek fulfilment and become creative.   Organisational behaviour, perhaps because it is about human beings, that generally defy categorisation, is home to many theories. Because it is about people and the way they react to and interact with each other, it is an ideal topic for teaching through fiction. Once again fiction provides endless opportunities to describe the conflicts and allegiances that are constantly being formed and re-formed in the work place. The fact that most novels are in some way or other about relationships and the ways in which people deal with negative and positive experiences within groups, and how alliances can shift over time and through internal or external pressures, means that they are rich in examples to be used in illustrating the various theories that make up the study of organisational behaviour. The fact that psychology, sociology and anthropology feature so strongly in the topic offers a variety of approaches in interpreting the scenarios, just as in real life. Q: Discuss the significance of international trade to uk business organizations? Ans: The buying and selling of goods and services across national borders is known as international trade.It is of vast importance not just for a single country but all the countries because without international trade the economy of a country and business organization can not make a progress on international level and they will b unable to display their manufactures to display at international level. International trade is the backbone of our modern, commercial world, as producers in different nations try to profit from an expanded market, rather than be limited to selling within their own borders. There are many reasons that trade across national borders occurs, including lower production costs in one region versus another, specialized industries, lack or surplus of natural resources and consumer tastes. There is currently a great deal of concern over jobs being taken away from the United States, member countries of the European Union and other developed nations as countries such as China, Korea, India, Indonesia and others produce goods and services at much lower costs. Both the United States and the European Union have imposed face restrictions on imports from Asian nations to try to stem this tide. Clearly, a company that can pay its workers the equivalent of dollars a day, as compared to dollars an hour, has a distinct selling advantage. Nevertheless, American and European consumers are only too happy to lower their costs of living by taking advantage of cheaper, imported goods. Even though many consumers prefer to buy less expensive goods, some international trade is fostered by a specialized industry that has developed due to national talent and/or tradition. Swiss watches, for example, will never be price-competitive with mass produced watches from Asia. German cutlery, English bone China, Scottish wool, fine French silks such as Hermes and other such products always find their way onto the international trade scene because consumers in many parts of the world are willing to foster the importation of these goods to satisfy their concept that certain countries are the best at making certain goods. One of the biggest components of international trade, both in terms of volume and value of goods is oil. Total net oil imports in 2005 are over 26 million barrels per day (U.S. Energy Information admin.figures) (Note: Importedoil include crude oil, natural gas liquids, and refined products.) At a recent average of $50 per barrel, that translates to $1billion, three hundred million, PER DAY. The natural resources of a handful of nations, most notably the nations of OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, are swept onto the international trade scene in staggering numbers each day, and consumer nations continue to absorb this flow. Other natural resources contribute to the movement of international trade, but none to the extent of the oil trade. Diamonds from Africa, both for industrial and jewelry use, wheat and other agricultural products from the United States and Australia, coal and steel from Canada and Russia, all flow across borders from these nations that have t he natural resources to the nations that lack them. Despite complaints about trade imbalances, effects on domestic economies, currency upheavals, and loss of jobs, the reality of goods and services continually crossing borders will not go away. International trade will continue to be the engine that runs most nations. Q: Analyse the impact of global factors on uk business organizations? Ans: Businesses are affected by an external environment as much as they are affected by the competitors. Global factors affecting business are legal, political, social, technological and economic. Understand

Philosophy of Education Essay -- Education Teacher

My beliefs and values about early childhood education is based upon understanding that all children are unique individuals who need a caring, nurturing, and secure environment in which to grow and develop socially, emotionally, cognitively, and physically. Children under the age of three are in critical stages of development, it is my belief that a quality child care environment will have a positive impact on a child’s development and make a significant difference in the life of a child and his or her family. My philosophy of early childhood education and the elements I believe are necessary in developing a developmentally appropriate child care environment is rooted in my views and beliefs about experimentalism, progressivism, multiculturalism, and the influence of philosophers such as Dewey, Piaget, Montessori, and Vygotsky. Furthermore, I believe young children will thrive and grow in developmentally appropriate child care programs that possess the following elements: (1 ) teachers who see themselves as intentional, responsive and respectful facilitators of learning, (2) the ability to build a community of learners, (3) implement an effective curriculum that allow children to explore their natural curiosity about the world. Although there are many educational philosophies, the two that most inspire my belief about early childhood education are experimentalism and progressivism. John Dewey’s experimentalism â€Å"saw thinking and doing as a unified flow of ongoing experience† (Gutek, 2009, p. 81). I view the world as an ever-changing place; therefore, I believe in teaching children to solve problems by examining and making discovers based on real life experiences. In combination with my experimentalist view, I value aspects of p... ...hildhood teachers, I will continue to encourage them to grow as professionals to ensure they are providing a caring, nurturing, and secure environment that promotes growth and development in young children. My philosophy of early childhood education is reminds me of why I do the work that I do. I remember that children are active, curious individuals that will grow up to be active, curious, and hopefully productive members of society. It all begins at birth. Works Cited Bredekamp, S., & Copple, C. (2009). Developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood programs. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children. Gutek, G.L. (2009). New perspectives on philosophy and education. Upper Saddle, NJ: Pearson. Mooney, C.G. (2000). An introduction to Dewey, Montessori, Erickson, Piaget & Vygotsky. St. Paul, MN: Redleaf Press.

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay -- Employment, Change Proces

Writing Assignment #4 Strategic human resource management can be defined as the linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organizational culture that foster innovation, flexibility and competitive advantage. In an organization SHRM means accepting and involving the HR function as a strategic partner in the formulation and implementation of the company's strategies through HR activities such as recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel (Sinha, 2007). This is the effective way of organizing the workforce by the adoption of a specific strategy, where employees' performance can help to achieve the planned organizational targets, such as increasing revenue or improving the profit margin. However, there is no common strategic human resource definition that fits every situation (Lotinggi, 2008). This paper will focus on strategic human resource management at Smarte Carte, Inc. and attempt to make a determination if the co mpany uses SHRM effectively or if there are areas where improvements could be made. Smarte Carte Inc., is a vending services company that specializes in unattended vending in four segregated markets: luggage carts for rent at airports, shopping carts and baby strollers at shopping malls, electronic locker storage at a variety of locations such as transportation facilities, ski resorts, theme and water parks, and massage chairs located in airports, malls, fitness centers, and now even Wal-Mart. They have operations throughout the U.S. and Canada and a growing presence in Australia and New Zealand. Smarte Carte’s corporate office is located in St. Paul, MN where they employ 65 employees while employing approximately another ... ...ing enough in internal training and compliance audits to lower their risk in expensive employee litigation. Two key strategies that Smarte Carte has implemented in the recent past is a greater reliance on expert outside legal counsel for fighting and resolving labor law cases and adding employment practices liability insurance to prevent or cap large settlements in labor law disputes. With employment law becoming an increasingly complicated dimension of the employment relationship, it is more likely that managers unversed in the changing aspects of laws may commit violations (Mello, 2011). The reality of it boils down to even when you’re correct and did everything right in handling an employee situation, it costs an organization a significant amount of money defending itself. Smarte Carte’s strategy for utilizing outside counsel and EPLI is a good strategy.

A lesson Before Dying :: essays research papers

Sentenced to death for a crime he may or may not have committed, a young black man named Jefferson now struggles to find the meaning of life. With the help of Grant Wiggins, a man who is unsure of his own worth, perhaps he can succeed in doing so in the story A Lesson Before Dying. It is the exciting tale of two men’s quest to find peace in life as well as in death. It is during this journey, however, that an underlying question arises on how man-kind has faith in religion and a god they can not see. It is believed that, because there are so many uncertainties in life, man had to conceive something greater than himself to believe in. It is likely that religion may be this something. These theological ideas were simply a way to suppress the fears that man has in his insignificance in the universe. It seems that society has been inventing explanations for the mysteries of life since the beginning of time. Survival often requires that an individual be able to react to change. Ideally, the subject should be able to reason and then logically react to change. It seems simple enough, but thinking things out often has its drawbacks. These drawbacks are usually from a lack of time and information available from which to base a conclusion from. Thus, Man developed emotions to provide a mechanism to work around the limitations of reasoning. These reactions are simply a reflection of man’s inner emotions. Emotions help living things to adapt to its environment. The better suited a creature is to adapt, the longer it will live. Hence there is definitely an advantage for survival that emotions offer. Human emotion, however, is the downfall of man. Although it allows him to have feelings, it defeats the rational thought process. When rational thinking has ceased to exist, society gets thrown into disarray. It is as if man fails to see the truth simply because he does not want to see it. Thi s could be where the need for a higher presence first began. Man may have created religion only as an adaptation for survival. The existence of religion may be due to man’s psychological need to understand the world around him. When man seeks out answers to questions but is incapable of finding them, he gets frightened. This fear weakens human qualities and causes distortion between the individual and reality.

Walker and baldwin

Alice Walker and James Baldwin both use their literature characters to bring social problems to light. A few of the social concerns that can be seen In their work consists of race, class, gender and society; the outside forces, Although both of these authors use characters to describe social issues, their attempts vary in their work. The following will compare and contrast how Baldwin and Walker's characters use this connection as a means to sort through their â€Å"despair†. Every Day use by Alice Walker is a story narrated by a mother that has a very appropriate title.This title refers to the character, Maggie, whose sister says will use the heirloom quilts made by their grandmother every day when they should be hung Like she would do with such priceless Items. Maggie sorrowfully says It's okay; her sister can have the quilts. The mother sees such a selfless daughter, who in fact feels worthless in comparison with her sister and most likely several people, considering her po or self-image. She abruptly rips the quilts from her more dominant daughters' hands, Dee, and hands them over to Maggie.The way Alice Walker uses these characters to portray race, lass, gender and society Is shrewdly done. The mother who is possibly a farmer when reading the description: â€Å"l am a big boned woman with man working hands† can represent class (1334 Charter). She Is a low class citizen who lives In a small home that Dee, her daughter, doesn't approve of. Her daughter, who goes to college and has broken out of the lower class ranks, can also represent class. In addition, they represent race. They are of African American ethnicity and living during the oppressed times, according to â€Å"whoever can imagine me looking a white man in the ye? Spoken by the mother (1334 Charter). Dee does mention the fact that her sister Maggie can make something of herself â€Å"It's really a new day for us but form the way you and AMA still live, you'd never know It† (134 0 Charter). This sentence can represent the gender and race issues within those times. Dee was a black female a double burden because both were discriminated against at this time which brings us to society. Although this references the views of society, Walker does not use the mentioning of outside characters to portray society like Baldwin does.She manages this with only the main characters of the story. Society is for the reader to assume when peering Into the torn relationship of the sisters†¦ TLS relationship has been molded by outside factors that frown on the weak (Maggie has scars and uneducated) and glorify the beautiful (Dee is attractive and educated). Baldwin, on the other hand, makes great use of society in his story Sonny Blues, which is also suitably titled. This story is narrated by a brother who is asked to take care of his younger brother Sonny by his passing mother.Sadly, Sonny is a heroin addict, hence the title, and always In trouble. His brother doesn't wan t to deal with It, for obvious reasons: one being that Is too hurtful to go through but In the end he was able to find the strength after the loss of his little girl to make amends with Sonny and take him under his wing. The characters that represent society in this story are many. They are all inner city poor residents. There is the druggy that tells the narrator about Sonny â€Å"l see you got the papers so you know about it? † he asks him of Sonny (59 Charters).The barmaid dancing on page 60 and the children who are playing in the oppressed residents off poor and uneducated area. Very similar to Walker, he uses the main characters to reveal issues of class, race and gender. The narrator, who can represent class, has broken away from poverty by receiving a college degree and becoming a high school math teacher. The brother, can be made to represent race of the inner city. He has not broken free from the black oppressed lifestyle that his neighborhood has to offer. The fact that Baldwin uses males as main characters eaves the reader to assume gender roles.It is a silent assumption that men are able to be strong and should not need the help of others. This type of thinking tears the brothers apart when the older brother assumes his little brother can â€Å"get life on his own† keeping him from taking care of his little brother like his mother asked of him. â€Å"l sensed myself in the presence of something I really didn't know how to handle† says the narrator of his role in Sonny's life (67 Charters). Both authors use the characters to expose social issues within their times.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 13

That night I lay in bed, gazing up at the ceiling. The moon shone through the gauzy white curtains, and the house hummed with activity, a melee of footsteps, heartbeats, and mice skittering inside the walls. It felt as though the entire house were alive, with the exception, of course, of myself and Damon. The Sutherlands had no idea, but when they'd opened their home to me, they had invited Death in. I was a cancer on their happy existence, and soon the darkness would spread, eating through their world until there was nothing left. Though I was no willing participant in Damon's twisted plan, it would be no different from how Katherine insinuated herself into my life and decimated the entire Salvatore family. Like it or not, this family's well-being rested squarely on my shoulders. If Damon killed them, their blood would be on my hands, too. But how could I stop him? I was so much weaker than my brother, and I had no plans to begin feeding on humans again for fear that I'd be unable to stop. I rose from bed and pushed the curtains aside with a violent flick. As I stared at the moon, that orb that had witnessed so much of my ill-doing, I replayed the conversation we'd had with Margaret over and over in my head. The firm set of her jaw. The clear tone of her eyes. The way her lucid blue eyes had sized up me and Damon, as though she could see straight through our skin to our unbeating hearts. Winfield was ready to sign his fortune over to Damon, yet his daughter remained immune to my brother's Power. But how? The only protection I knew against vampires was vervain, but I'd not inhaled its cloying scent since arriving in New York. When trying to draw out Katherine, my father had spiked my whiskey with vervain, sending Katherine into a miasmic fit when she drank my blood. If only my father had thought to protect me sooner, he and I might still be in Mystic Falls, poring over accounting books as I studied to take over Veritas. Sliding the window open, I stepped out onto the narrow balcony. The night was eerily still. No wind rustled the trees, and even the pigeons that roosted on the neighbor's roof were quiet. My balcony faced east, toward the muddy East River and the narrow spit of land they called Blackwell's Island, where the city had recently rebuilt the lunatic asylum. A wry smile twisted my lips. If only I could check Damon in there. But then I let out a groan and clutched the wrought-iron rail with my hands. I had to stop wishing and hoping and thinking of millions of if onlys. I could not wish Damon into oblivion and I could not rewrite the past. What was done was done. Even at my peak Power, I could not cause the world to spin backward, could not turn back time and undo what Katherine did to me and my family. But I was not powerless over the future. I had free will, I had experience, and I had the choice to fight. Hoisting myself up on the rail, I leaped to the roof, landing on the tar with a soft thud. New York was a large city, and someone, somewhere, had to grow vervain or at least have dried sprigs. I'd run up and down the streets until I caught the telltale scent of the herb. Spiking Lydia's drinks would be impossible – Damon was feeding from her – but if I could just sprinkle some in Winfield's whiskey†¦ I ran across the roof, preparing to jump to that of the neighbor, before scaling down their fire escape to the street below. â€Å"Where are you going, brother?† The cheery words sliced through the night like gunshot, and I froze on the ledge. Slowly, I turned around to face a smiling Damon. He looked ready for the second part of his evening jaunt, wearing a three-piece suit and twirling a gold cane in his hand. I recognized it immediately – it had belonged to Callie's father, the man who had imprisoned Damon, torturing him and starving him before forcing him to do battle with a mountain lion. Damon must have stolen it after he killed Callie. Unbidden, an image of Callie bloomed in my mind. Her kind green eyes smiling at me, the freckles that dusted every inch of her body, the way she had so bravely given herself to me on the shore of the lake, offering her blood even though she knew what I was and what I could do to her†¦. Her dead, twisted body lying in the grass behind Lexi's house. â€Å"You bastard,† I said in a low, fury-filled voice that I barely recognized as my own. Rage that had been building for weeks with no outlet tore through my veins, and I felt as though my muscles were on fire. With a growl, I threw myself at him. â€Å"Why won't you just let me be?† Our bodies collided, like stone on stone. Startled, Damon fell backward, but instantly he pushed me off and flipped to his feet. He wrapped his arms around my neck with a vise-like grip. â€Å"If you were so desperate to be free of me, you shouldn't have forced me to become a vampire with you,† he hissed, all traces of joviality gone from his demeanor. I struggled to free myself, but his knee pressed more forcefully into my spine, pinning me to the roof. â€Å"You were the one who urged me to become what I am – to see what Katherine gave us as a gift rather than a curse.† â€Å"Trust me,† I gasped, trying to twist from his grip. â€Å"I would take it back if I could.† â€Å"Tsk-tsk,† Damon chided. â€Å"Didn't Father teach you that part of being a man is living with your choices?† He pressed my cheek into the tar roof, scraping open the skin there. â€Å"Then again, you were such a disappointment to him at the end – not wanting to marry Rosalyn, taking up with a vampire, killing him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You were always a disappointment,† I spat. â€Å"I should have killed you when I had the chance.† Damon let out a dry laugh. â€Å"Well, that would have been a shame, because then I couldn't do this.† The pressure on my spine abated as Damon hoisted me up by the back of the shirt. â€Å"What are you – † I started. Before I could finish, Damon launched me forward with the force of a lit cannon. My body careened through the night air, and for a brief, weightless moment, I wondered if I was flying. Then the hard pavement of the alley between the Sutherlands' and their neighbor's home rushed up to greet me, and my bones cracked loudly on the impact. I groaned, pain radiating through my limbs as I rolled to my back, blood dripping down my face. I lay like that for hours, staring at the stars until my Power healed me, resetting my bones and stitching up the gash in my cheek more swiftly than the most skilled medic could. But when I stood, a new pain shot through my chest. Because there on the brick wall of the Sutherlands' home, written in red ink that could only be blood, were three terrifying words: I'm always watching.

Ingvar Kampradi: Wealthy Man, Frugal Man, Entrepreneur Extraordinair

Introduction Ingvar Kamprad, Swedish born citizen and founder and former CEO of Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd or better known as IKEA. Kamprad created a one of a kind furniture company that has become the largest furniture store in the world. The uniqueness is because they company specializes in everything being able to be broken down and shipped, â€Å"from furniture to the now famous mobile kitchens- could be packed in flat, stackable boxes (Nelson and Quick, 2011-438)†. His way of running the company is based on creativity, hard work and being frugal in his own life as well as the way he runs his company.So frugal that when employees travel they must share hotel rooms, a policy not carried in any major company. The philosophies that he has developed for IKEA are distinctive and have provided a successful way of being very profitable. Kamprad’s leadership characteristics have made him a very wealthy entrepreneur and admirable person but with a dark past. A pas t that he does not deny but states that he has learned from this and according to some has a message to send to other that carries great wisdom. Issues Addressed Kamprad’s company IKEA has been on the rise along with that his personal problems also increased.Alcoholism, his history of Nazi affiliation, and store openings where people died were his biggest problems. Even during his personal problems he never failed to provide creativity for IKEA and to make sure the company was on the right track. He always found a way to lead his company in the direction to be successful despite his personal life. His appreciation for what it takes to be successful and the knowledge that he realizes â€Å"there are no guarantees to economic success tomorrow apart from hard work (Nelson and Quick, 2011-438). Answering the Questions 1. Kamprad is the manager of IKEA, while he is not the CEO he still continues to run the company. He is always trying to create any new ideas, and develop philosop hies to make the company better for their customers and employees. Kamprad is a leader because: he does not sit around pointing fingers and collecting money, but he is out there working to make IKEA a better company every chance he can. Continuing his innovative efforts so the company can be ne of a kind and cater to the people and through all his personal problems and personal achievements the company was always placed at the top of the list; â€Å"he likes to say that IKEA is his fourth child (Nelson and Quick, 2011-438). † 2. Kamprad encouraged a level of followership that has made IKEA a unique company. This followership that he created makes people want to work for IKEA and create new ideas. His philosophies are exceptional and out of the box; his claims of â€Å"we dare to do it a different way (Nelson and Quick, 2011-438)† Kamprad says about IKEA.The way he created IKEA and the way he makes sure the company draws people into being involved. People not only want to shop at his stores, but they want to be a part of the company anyway they can. 3. Kamprad does not want his employees to be sheep or yes men but effective active followers that are independent critical thinkers. Some of Kamprad’s leadership characteristics are â€Å"directive, supportive, participative and achievement oriented (Nelson and Quick, 2011- 413). According to the leadership grid Kamprad is deep in the 9, 1 quadrant which is â€Å"Authority-Compliance management: efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree (Nelson and Quick, 2011- 409). † 4. Leadership of Kamprad †¢Transactional – uses effort for reward because how much effort employees put into the company, means how much reward they or the company will receive. †¢Transformational – motivates his people to work for the prosperity of the company and not just for themselves. His vision about IKEA helps bond his followers/ employees to IKEA. He is charismatic – focusing on creating a message with his philosophies and connecting with his followers emotionally. †¢Authentic – role model towards the people due to his developing ingenuity and philosophies. 5. Key leadership lessons that can be observed by Kamprad’s experiences: a. Creativity & uniqueness b. Hard manual work c. Work hard but work smart d. Delegate less and get more involved, do not be afraid to be different, and listen to my people. Conclusions Ingvar Kamprad developed very young starting his business; selling matches and cards from his bicycle and later expanding his business to elling fish, Christmas decorations and pens and pencils. This small town boy from went on to build a company from a cash reward given to him by his father for doing well in academics, Ingvar Kamprad built a company that generated â€Å"more than $33 billion in revenue and nearly $4 billion in net income in 2011 ( http://topics. bloomberg. com/ingvar-kamprad/). † He was known as a very frugal man that had a dark past but he learned from his past explaining that his Nazi affiliations where the greatest mistake of his life. He said this because while he was not proud of being affiliated with this organization he learned a lot from being part of it.He learned to not waist anything, do not take money for granted and keep in common the one thing all rich people have; which is to leave beneath your means. ? References Bloomberg. Bloomber. com, http://topics. bloomberg. com/ingvar-kamprad/ Global Business leaders. http://www. globalbusinessleaders. org/WebPage/LeaderBio. aspx? leaderCd=l005&levelcd=c03r045 Nelson, D. & Campbell-Quick, J. , (2011). Organizational Behavior: Science, the Real World and You. (7th ed. ). Canada: South-Western Cengage Learning. Pace, Joe. The Workplace: Today and Tomorrow. The Professional Development Series, Book One.